It involved decorative arts including furniture making and furnishings, and there was a strong element in architecture, with buildings reflecting a return to medieval, Tudor or even gothic tones. The Edwardian garden focused on the quality of design, with natural materials and handmade craftsmanship. People such as critic John Ruskin and designer William Morris wanted to reform the way things were made, and rebel against the new age of mass production. The Arts & Crafts style first appeared in Britain around 1880, and swept the world.
Features such as formal ponds and fountains were typical of the period. These sorts of gardens strove to include traditional craftsmanship in the detail of stonework, and used vernacular, natural materials for the construction of drystone walls, stone-flagged terraces and paths, semi-circular steps and sunken plats.īeyond the formal ‘outside rooms’ that were viewed from the house, the Arts & Crafts garden gave way to the landscape, with rock gardens leading to woodland glades, and wild areas with rustic paths and water gardens. In the Edwardian garden, the Arts & Crafts movement emphasised the importance of the partnership between architect and gardener. Gardens became rural idylls crafted around the house, with natural materials, formal design and ebullient planting.Ī new style of gardening emerged in Britain in the early 1900s as a reaction to high Victorian formality.
The turn of the 20th century saw the birth of the Edwardian garden, explains Helena Gerrish.
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